NAD+ 500mg

Molecular structure

NAD⁺ contains two nucleotide units joined by a pyrophosphate bridge. One contains adenine, and the other contains nicotinamide. Each nucleotide includes a ribose sugar.

The nicotinamide ring is the principal redox-active portion of the molecule. Its electronic structure changes when NAD⁺ accepts a hydride equivalent and is reduced to NADH.

Physicochemical properties

The phosphate groups contribute substantial negative charge in aqueous solution. The molecule is polar and interacts readily with water through its phosphate groups, hydroxyl groups, and nitrogen-containing functional groups.

NAD⁺ and NADH have different electronic properties and absorption spectra. These differences can be used to monitor redox reactions under suitable experimental conditions.

Biochemical mechanisms

NAD⁺ participates in oxidation-reduction reactions in which it accepts reducing equivalents. NADH can subsequently donate those equivalents to other reaction systems.

NAD⁺ also serves as a substrate in non-redox reactions catalyzed by certain enzyme families, including enzymes that transfer or cleave portions of the molecule.

Scientific evidence

NAD⁺ is one of the most extensively characterized biochemical cofactors. Its chemical identity, redox chemistry, and roles as an enzyme substrate are well established.

NAD+ is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for human or animal consumption, clinical application, diagnostic use, or therapeutic purposes.